Endnotes

1. Commissioned for the 1994 Soza Family Reunion, Tempe, Arizona. Original will be donated to the Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.

Copy hangs in the Sosa-Carrillo-Fremont Museum, Tucson. Donated by Hector V. Soza, Tucson.

2. Researched, and commissioned by Edward Soza, Altadena, Ca. for the 1975 Soza Family Reunion, Tucson, Az. Original donated to Arizona Historical Society, Tucson. Copy on display at SosaCarrillo-Fremont Museum, Tucson.

Calligraphy by Mary Little Siegfried, Pasadena, Ca.

3. Commissioned by Fred Soza, El Paso, Tx to highlight the descendants of Juan Moreno Soza and Maria Petro Yanez. Juan Moreno Soza is a direct descendant of Alferez Jose Maria Sosa and Dona Rita Espinosa.

Original drawing by Richard Silva, El Paso, Tx. was donated by Fred Soza to the Tubac Presidia Park, Tubac, Az

4. P/68
Missionaries, Miners and Indians
Evelyn Hu-DeHart

Map adapted from Luis Navarro Garcia, La sublevacion yaqui de 1740 (Sevilla 1966)

5. P/
Captain of the Phantom Presidio
Faye Smith

6. P/
After Kino in Northwestern New Spain
John Augustine Donohue, S.J.

7. Exhibit 1

8. See endnote #32

9. P/23
Captain of the Phantom Presidio
Faye Jackson Smith

10. Antonio Moreno Soza, Placido Moreno Soza,
Nicolas Soza, and Juan Soza

ii. Antonio Campa Soza married Maria Jesus Moreno on July 28,
1878 at San Agustin Church. The name reads Antonio Sosa.

Oral versions on name change:
1. Believed to be correct Portuguese spelling.
2. Patron saint was San Antonio de Padua de Lisboa, Portugal.
3. Annexation of Northern Sonora into Arizona Territory due to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 and the Gadsden Purchase of 1854, brought an influx of American civil servants. Care was not always observed.

12. LDS Family History Center, Salt Lake City, Utah

13. Exhibit 1

14. Alferez José Maria Sosa's military transcript and copy of his royal commission was donated by this writer to the Arizona Historical Society, Tucson. Material was obtained from the Archives of the Indies, Seville.

15. Exhibit 2

16. Exhibit 6 Extent of the 1740 Yaqui Rebellion
Exhibit 8 Jesuit Missions in Northwestern New Spain 1711 - 1767

17. Exhibit 6 Extent of the 1740 Yaqui Rebellion

18. RG 49 Arizona State Land Office Records
National Archives, Pacific Southwest Region, Laguna Niguel, Ca.

19. Redington Quadrangle, Arizona 15 minute Series Topographic
U.S. Geological Survey Map N3215 - W1105/15 1957

20. Map - Mount Soza Antarctica, SR 57-58/15 71195-S1 TR-250
Revised 1988, U.S. Geological Survey

21. Some historians believe the correct year is 1776.

22. Documents have been translated into English and computerized. Material can be accessed at the Documentary Relations of the Southwest, University of Arizona, Tucson.

23. References are noted in the bibliography and are available at the Huntington Library, San Marino, Ca.

24. The Oxford Book of Spanish Verse
13th to 20th Century      P/124
Chosen by James Fitzmaurice-Kelly, F.B.A.
Oxford, Clarendon Press

25. Ibid

26. Diccionario Autobiografico de Conquisitadores y Pobladores de Nueva Espana. Francisco A D Icaza 1923 Vol. 2, Madrid F 1231 I2

27. The Encomenderos of New Spain 1521-1555
Robert Himmerich y Valencia U of Texas, Austin F 1230 H56 1991

28. Greenleaf, R. Mexican Inquisition of the Sixteenth Century P/52, 52, 53, 57, 62, and 108.

29. LDS Family History Library

30. Don Juan Onate, Colonizer of New Mexico 1595-1628
George P. Hammond

31. P/68-69
Sonora y Sinaloa en el Siglo XVII Navarro Garcia, Luis
P/340-341
Luz de Tierra Incognita en la America Septentrional
Mange, Juan Matheo

32. Mange, Matheo: Luz de Tierra Incognita en la America
Septentrional y Diaro de las exploraciones de Sonora, Mexico
1926, P/340-532.

33. Ibid

34. Bolton, Herbert Eugene Rim of Christendom P/164-165

35. Solliday, Scott - Unpublished manuscript with Soza genealogical notes.

36. Archivo de Indias, Sevilla. Transcript of Jose Maria Sosa's military career. Copy in Soza file at Arizona Historical Society archives.

38. Ibid P/419

39. Ibid P/418

40. Poem "Cena Jocosa" by Baltasar Del Alcazar 1530-1606 is significant because it is about Lope De Sosa and his wife Dona Ines Cabrera. Lope De Sosa was the Governor of the Canary Islands 1505 - 1519, and later Appointed Governor of Darien (Old Panama) These are the parents of Juan Alonso De Sosa, Royal Treasurer, Nueva Espana appointed in 1530, served until 1555.

41. P/243 Governor Sosa - Gran Canaria would deliver certain supplies and a company of his islanders for Darien expedition.
P/392 Don Lope De Sosa, Governor Designate for Panama, on arriving at Darien on May 20, 1520, died that same night.
P/369 Governor Designate for Panama was Don Lope De Sosa, since 1505 Governor of the Canary Islands. (Romoli 1953)

42. P/2 Tierra Firme, Castilla de Oro (c. 1509), names for Old Panama per Ferdinand of Spain.
P/203 Acting Governor of the Canary Islands was appointed to succeed Pedrarias as Governor of Panama c. 1516
P/213 On arrival May 20, 1520 at Castilla de Oro, Sosa gave the order to disembark, repaired to his cabin to dress for the occasion, was taken ill and expired. (Anderson 1911)

43. Entry #1610 Wife of Andres De Tapia, one of the original conquistadors with Cortes. (Icaza 1923)

44. P/162-163 Daughter of treasurer Don Alonso De Sosa and Dona Ana Estrada, Ana was the daughter of Dan Alonso De Estrada, one of the famous treasurers of New Spain at one time. (Benitez 1965)

45. P/163 She was married to Admiral Don Luis de Castillo, a powerful and influential citizen of Mexico City. His wife Juana De Sosa was the aunt of Dona Maria De Sosa. (Benitez)

46. P/69 and P/245 Juan Alonso De Sosa Hidalgo, Poblador, From Cordoba.
Parents: Lope de Sosa and Dona Ines de Cabrera. Royal Treasurer Sosa arrived in Mexico City in 1531. He had been in Tierra Firme (Old Panama) with his father, Lope De Sosa who had been appointed governor in 1519. He was assigned tributes from several locations, which were later relinquished when the New Laws of 1543 prohibited encomiendas to royal officials.
(Himmerich y Valencia 1991)

48. P/60 Gaspar Castano De Sosa, on an illegal entry into New Mexico,led a settlement expedition of 170 men, women and children. Next year (1591) 50 soldiers were sent by the Viceroy to arrest Sosa and escort all of his people out of the area.
The Last Conquistador, Don Juan De Onate (Simon 1991)

49. P/425-427 Lieutenant-governor and captain-general of New Mexico and its kingdoms and provinces and neighboring territories for the King. (Bandelier & Hackett )

50. P/246-247 Francisco De Sosa Penalosa, Captain and Alferez Real left his mines of Chalchuetes to embark on expedition. Inventory for the expedition to New Mexico in 1598 is shown. Accompanied by his wife, daughter and two sons:
Wife: Dona Euphemia de Sosa
Daughter: Dona Juana de Trejo, married to Diego de Zubia. Son: Francisco de Sosa Penalosa 24
Son: Estevan Illan de Sosa 21, married to Dona Juana de Arguello (Hammond & Rey 1953)

51. Ibid.
P/672 Proceedings of Lt Gov Francisco De Sosa Penalosa breaking Camp at San Gabriel September 7, 1601

52. Ibid
P/690 Lt Gov of New Mexico Francisco de Sosa Penalosa to Viceroy Count of Monterrey, Viceroy of New Spain, San Gabriel, October 1, 1601

53. P/289
Alferez Real Francisco de Sosa Penalosa, 60 years of age, gray bearded, of medium statute, son of Francisco Penalosa, native of Avila (Hammond & Rey )

54. P/103 Onate left Francisco De Sosa Penalosa in charge of expedition as interim Lt. Gov.
P/105 Onate satisfied Sosa could manage. (Simon 1991)

55. P/162-163 There were several Sosa among Onate soldiers, besides the royal ensign Francisco De Sosa Penalosa. There were his sons Estevan De Sosa 21 years and Francisco Yllan De Sosa 23 years. Plus Capt. Alonso De Sosa Penalosa 48 years, also called Alonso De Sosa Albornoz, later murdered. He was accompanied by his wife and five children.

56. P/169-171 Letter by Viceroy Don Luis De Velasco in favor of Francisco De Sosa Penalosa, administrator and protector of the Chichimeca Indians to prevent the Justices there from trying cases of the said indians - dated September 16, 1593.
(Bandelier and Founay Vol 1)

57. Ibid

58. P/165 Captains and Soldiers. Native of the City of Avila in Castile, son of Francisco Penalosa Lt. Gov. captain general and inspector general. Appeared for muster.he is married and is taking his wife and children. (Hammond & Rey)

59. Ibid

60. Ibid

61. P/240 Captain Alonso de Sosa inventory of equipment taken on the Onate expedition 1598. His wife Dona Beatriz Navarro accompanied. (Hammond & Rey 1984)

62. P/165 Captain Alonso de Sosa Albornoz, Native of Mexico City, son of Francisco de Sosa Albornoz. He is married and is taking his wife and five children. (Hammond and Rey 1984)

63. P/248-241 Captain Alonso de Sosa Alvarez (Albornoz). Expedition inventory. Inventory does not include personal property of his wife Dona Beatriz Navarro. (Hammond & Rey 1984)

64. P/290 Captain Alonso de Sosa Penalosa, native of Mexico, son of Francisco de Sosa Albornoz, 48 years of age, dark complexion, somewhat gray. (Hammond & Rey 1984)

65. P/75 line 265, Page 242 line 286 Wife of Captain general, inspector general Lt Governor and Alferez Real Francisco de Sosa Penalosa. Memorialized in the epic poem :La Historia de la Nueva Espana, 1610 Gaspar Perez de Villagra, translated by Encinias,
Rodriguez, and Sanchez 1992. (Villagra 1992)

67. P/150 Court Commissary and Secretary General of Franciscan Letter of April 8, 1631 to Council of the Indies.
(Hammond ed. 1945)

68. P/107 Costa, Yucatan Encommendero d. 1549 sic
First encomendero of Temax, Yucatan
Son: Juan De Sosa Velazquez (1565-1592) sic
Grandson: Bernardo De Sosa Velazquez 1606

69. Sossa (sic) name appears in a report from the Presidio de Las Fronteras, by Alferez Juan Antonio Duran to Captain to Captain Don Gregorio Alvarez Tunon y Quiros at Jamaica, Sonora. Sossa say.... Sossa does not appear in the presidio muster.
Sossa is a another derivation of Sosa. (Smith, F.J.)

70. P/159 Sosa was in his early 50's, had brought his wife and five children to Nueva Mexico. Because of poor expedition success. Sosa asked permission to return to Nueva Vizcaya. Onate ostensibly gave approval. Sosa began to pack, meanwhile he was assigned to a horse round up, two leagues from camp, accompanied by two other men. He was assassinated. Onate later claimed Sosa was not murdered, but executed for treason. (Simon 1991)

71. P/163
Alonso de Sosa was a great captain in the Chichimeca Wars (15501600). He was a converted Chichimeca and his people were nomadic. His people continued to resist the Spaniards.
(Powell 1952)

72. P/165
Francisco de Sosa, an alcalde ordinario, came to Nombre de Dios on orders from Mexico City, to lead the natives against the raiding Chichimecas. When tribes refused to supply volunteer warriors, Sosa threaten to jail warriors until his return and fine each, 10 pesos, and parade them up the street.

Sosa promised rewards for services in the form of slaves. Afterward, native warriors were not allowed to keep their captive slaves
(Powell 1952)

74. P/150 Court Commissary and Secretary-General of the Franciscan Order. Letter to Council of the Indies April 8, 1631. Recommends bishopric for New Mexico 1631. (Hammond, ed. 1945)

75. P/164-165 Sosa is described as "he is the best farmer and a devout Christian. Sosa grew maize, calabashes, and garbanzos" Sosa's agriculture was a private venture, Other had private crops. (Sosa was detailed from the Sinaloa presidio to accompany Kino and Admiral Atondo in attempts to colonize California.)
(Bolton 1984)

76. P/57
Sosa was Curate of Nacogdoches reported and complained of educational problems in East Texas in 1810. He stated that parents lacked education themselves and could not lay proper foundation for their sons. Sosa contended that what was needed was public school of christian education. Criticized soldier conduct. (Oakah 1979)

77. P/105
Miguel was with Leyva escort at Guadalupe de Paso when Pueblos rebelled in 1680. In 1681, he passed muster with a family of 7 persons, 20 years, married, and native of New Mexico (Oakah 1979)

78. P/338
Accomplice in murder 1752

79. P/364 Bolton mentions Sosa's ranch to identify Kino's route along the San Pedro River to the Gila River. Reference is to Antonio Campa Soza (1845-1915) homestead at Gila & Salt Rivers Meridian Section 30 - Township 12 South - Range 19 East.
(Bolton 1984)